Manifold assembly

ABSTRACT

A manifold assembly configured for use with a fluid end used in oil and gas operations. The manifold assembly comprises upper and lower manifolds supported on side posts such that the manifolds and posts define a central opening. In operation, the fluid end is positioned within the central opening such that the manifold assembly surrounds the fluid end. The manifold assembly is not attached to the fluid end other than flexible conduits interconnecting the fluid and the manifolds. The manifold assembly is modular and when assembled, may be moved together as a single unit.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Pat. ApplicationSerial No. 63/309,168, authored by Foster et al, and filed on Feb. 11,2022, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

SUMMARY

The present application discloses a manifold assembly comprising a framecomprising a first and second side post positioned in a spacedrelationship. The manifold assembly further comprises an upper manifoldsupported on an upper end of the frame, and a lower manifold supportedon a lower end of the frame. The first and second side posts are joinedby the upper and lower manifolds such that the first and second sideposts and the upper and lower manifolds define a central opening.

The frame further comprises a plurality of upper conduits attached tothe upper manifold, and a plurality of lower conduits attached to thelower manifold. The plurality of upper and lower conduits are configuredto be attached to a fluid end when at least a portion of the fluid endis positioned within the central opening.

BACKGROUND

Various industrial applications may require the delivery of high volumesof highly pressurized fluids. For example, hydraulic fracturing(commonly referred to as “fracking”) is a well stimulation techniqueused in oil and gas production, in which highly pressurized fluid isinjected into a cased wellbore. As shown for example in FIG. 1 , thepressured fluid flows through perforations 10 in a casing 12 and createsfractures 14 in deep rock formations 16. Pressurized fluid is deliveredto the casing 12 through a wellhead 18 supported on the ground surface20. Sand or other small particles (commonly referred to as “proppants”)are normally delivered with the fluid into the rock formations 16. Theproppants help hold the fractures 14 open after the fluid is withdrawn.The resulting fractures 14 facilitate the extraction of oil, gas, brine,or other fluid trapped within the rock formations 16.

Fluid ends are devices used in conjunction with a power source topressurize the fluid used during hydraulic fracturing operations. Asingle fracking operation may require the use of two or more fluid endsat one time. For example, six fluid ends 22 are shown operating at awellsite 24 in FIG. 2 . Each of the fluid ends 22 is attached to a powerend 26 in a one-to-one relationship. The power end 26 serves as anengine or motor for the fluid end 22. Together, the fluid end 22 andpower end 26 function as a high-pressure pump.

Continuing with FIG. 2 , a single fluid end 22 and its correspondingpower end 26 are typically positioned on a truck bed 28 at the wellsite24 so that they may be easily moved, as needed. The fluid and proppantmixture to be pressurized is normally held in large tanks 30 at thewellsite 24. An intake piping system 32 delivers the fluid and proppantmixture from the tanks 30 to each fluid end 22. A discharge pipingsystem 33 transfers the pressurized fluid from each fluid end 22 to thewellhead 18, where it is delivered into the casing 12 shown in FIG. 1 .

Fluid ends operate under notoriously extreme conditions, enduring thesame pressures, vibrations, and abrasives that are needed to fracturethe deep rock formations 16, shown in FIG. 1 . Fluid ends may operate atpressures of 5,000-15,000 pounds per square inch (psi) or greater. Fluidused in hydraulic fracturing operations is typically pumped through thefluid end at a pressure of at least 8,000 psi, and more typicallybetween 10,000 and 15,000 psi. However, the pressure may reach up to22,500 psi.

The power end used with the fluid end typically has a power output of atleast 2,250 horsepower during hydraulic fracturing operations. A singlefluid end typically produces a fluid volume of about 400 gallons, or 10barrels, per minute during a fracking operation. A single fluid end mayoperate in flow ranges from 170 to 630 gallons per minute, orapproximately 4 to 15 barrels per minute. When a plurality of fluid endsare used together, the fluid ends collectively may deliver as much as4,200 gallons per minute or 100 barrels per minute to the wellbore.

Turning to FIG. 3 , one embodiment of a pump 40 known in the art isshown. The pump 40 comprises a fluid end 42 attached to a power end 44.Upper and lower intake or suction manifolds 46 and 48 are attached tothe fluid end 42 using a plurality of rigid suction conduits 50. Inoperation, the intake piping system 32 shown in FIG. 2 is attached tothe suction manifolds 46 and 48. Fluid is delivered to the fluid end 42through the suction manifolds 46 and 48 and suction conduits 50.

Continuing with FIG. 3 , a discharge manifold 52 is attached to an upperend of the fluid end 42 using a plurality of rigid discharge conduits54. In operation, the discharge piping system 33 shown in FIG. 2 isattached to the discharge manifold 52. Pressurized fluid is dischargedfrom the fluid end 42 through the discharge conduits 54 and thedischarge manifold 52.

The suction and discharge conduits 50 and 54 shown in FIG. 3 are metaland are rigidly connected to the fluid end 42. Such connections aredifficult to align and require significant time to properly maneuverinto position so they can be attached to the fluid end 42. Even then,the connections may still be misaligned. Any misaligned of theconnection between the fluid end 42 and the conduits 50 or 54 increasesstress applied to the fluid end 42 over time, thereby reducing the fluidend’s operating life. There is a need for a manifold assembly that maybe easily and quickly attached to the fluid end without significantmisalignment concerns.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an illustration of the underground environment of a hydraulicfracturing operation.

FIG. 2 illustrates above-ground equipment used in a hydraulic fracturingoperation.

FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of a high-pressure pump known in theart.

FIG. 4 is a front perspective view of one embodiment of a high-pressurepump having one embodiment of a manifold assembly attached thereto anddisclosed herein.

FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the pump and manifold assembly shown inFIG. 4 .

FIG. 6 is a front perspective and partially exploded view of themanifold assembly shown in FIG. 4 .

FIG. 7 is a front perspective view of the manifold assembly and fluidend shown in FIG. 4 .

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the manifold assembly and fluid endshown in FIG. 7 , taken along line A-A.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of area E, shown in FIG. 8 .

FIG. 10 is a rear perspective and partially exploded view of a portionof one of the fluid end sections and corresponding suction conduit shownin FIG. 7 .

FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of area B, shown in FIG. 8 .

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of one of the suction manifolds shown inFIG. 4 .

FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of area C, shown in FIG. 8 .

FIG. 14 is the front perspective view of the manifold assembly and fluidend shown in FIG. 7 , but the suction and discharge conduits have beenremoved for clarity.

FIG. 15 is a rear perspective view of the manifold assembly and fluidend shown in FIG. 14 .

FIG. 16 is a front perspective and partially exploded view of a portionof one of the fluid end sections and corresponding discharge conduitshown in FIG. 7 .

FIG. 17 is an enlarged view of area D, shown in FIG. 8 .

FIG. 18 is a front perspective view of another embodiment of ahigh-pressure pump having another embodiment of a manifold assemblyattached thereto and disclosed herein.

FIG. 19 is an exploded view of the pump and manifold assembly shown inFIG. 18 .

FIG. 20 is a front perspective and partially exploded view of themanifold assembly shown in FIG. 18 .

FIG. 21 is a front perspective view of the manifold assembly and fluidend shown in FIG. 18 , but the suction and discharge conduits have beenremoved for clarity.

FIG. 22 is a rear perspective view of the manifold assembly and fluidend shown in FIG. 21 .

FIG. 23 is a front perspective view of the manifold assembly and fluidend shown in FIG. 18 .

FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view of the manifold assembly and fluid endshown in FIG. 23 , taken along line D-D.

FIG. 25 is a front perspective and partially exploded view of a portionof one of the fluid end sections and corresponding discharge conduitshown in FIG. 23 .

FIG. 26 is a rear perspective and partially exploded view of a portionof one of the fluid end sections and corresponding suction conduit shownin FIG. 23 .

FIG. 27 is an enlarged view of area G, shown in FIG. 24 .

FIG. 28 is cross-sectional view of the suction conduit and suction boreadapter shown in FIG. 26 , taken along H-H, but the components are shownin assembled form.

FIG. 29 is a perspective view of one of the suction manifolds shown inFIG. 18 .

FIG. 30 is an enlarged view of area H, shown in FIG. 24 .

FIG. 31 is a front perspective view of one of the discharge manifoldsshown in FIG. 18 .

FIG. 32 is a rear perspective view of the discharge manifold shown inFIG. 31 .

FIG. 33 is an enlarged view of area J, shown in FIG. 24 .

FIG. 34 is an enlarged view of area I, shown in FIG. 24 .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Turning now to FIGS. 4-34 , FIG. 4 shows one embodiment of ahigh-pressure pump 60. The pump 60 comprises a fluid end 62 attached toa power end 64 using a plurality of stay rods 66. Various features ofthe fluid end 62 and the power end 64 not described herein are describedin more detail in U.S. Pat. Application No. 17/884,691, authored byKeith, et al., the entire contents of which are incorporated herein byreference (“the ‘691 Application”). To the extent the nomenclaturewithin the ‘691 Application is different from the nomenclature used inthe present application when referring to the same or substantiallysimilar components, the present application controls.

Continuing with FIG. 4 , a manifold assembly 70 is shown attached to thefluid end 62. The manifold assembly 70 is configured to be quickly andeasily connected to the fluid end 62 while at the same time reducing therisk of failures due to misalignment between the connections. Themanifold assembly 70 shown in FIG. 4 is configured for use with only anupper and lower suction manifold 82 and 84. However, it is contemplatedthat another embodiment of a manifold assembly 300 may be configured foruse with both an upper and lower suction manifold 320 and 322 and anupper and lower discharge manifold 326 and 328, as shown in FIG. 18 .While not specifically shown herein, it is further contemplated thatanother embodiment of a manifold assembly may be configured for use withonly an upper and lower discharge manifold.

The manifold assemblies 70 and 300 shown in FIGS. 4-34 may each bereferred to as a “quick connect manifold assembly”. The manifoldassembly 70, shown in FIGS. 4-17 , will be described in detail firstherein, followed by the manifold assembly 300, shown in FIGS. 18-34 .

Turning to FIGS. 5 and 6 , the manifold assembly 70 comprises a frame 71comprising a first side post 72 in a spaced relationship with anidentical second side post 74. The posts 72 and 74 each have upper andlower ends 76 and 78, with the lower ends 78 being supported on a groundsurface 20 or the truck bed 28, shown in FIGS. 1-2 . The upper and lowerends 76 and 78 of the posts 72 and 74 may be referred to as the upperand lower ends 76 and 78 of the frame 71. The frame 71 may also bereferred to as a “mounting tree”.

Continuing with FIGS. 5 and 6 , the posts 72 and 74 are joined togetherby an upper suction manifold 82 and a lower suction manifold 84. As willbe described in more detail herein, the upper suction manifold 82 issupported on the upper end 76 of the frame 71, and the lower suctionmanifold 84 is supported on the lower end 78 of the frame 71. Together,the posts 72 and 74 and manifolds 82 and 84 define a central opening 85.

Continuing with FIGS. 5 and 6 , the manifold assembly 70 furthercomprises a plurality of upper suction conduits 86 and a plurality oflower suction conduits 88. The upper suction conduits 86 are attached tothe upper suction manifold 82 at spaced-apart intervals and extendtowards the central opening 85. Likewise, the lower suction conduits 88are attached to the lower suction manifold 84 at spaced-apart intervalsand extend towards the central opening 85. As will be discussed in moredetail herein, the suction conduits 86 and 88 are flexible, in contrastto rigid metal conduits known in the art. The flexibility of theconduits 86 and 88 allows for easier alignment and attachment to thefluid end 62 during assembly.

Continuing with FIG. 5 , when assembled, the manifold assembly 70 may bemoved together as a single unit. The single unit assembly 70 may be slidaround the fluid end 62 such that at least a portion of the fluid end 62is positioned within the central opening 85, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 7 .When in such position, the side posts 72 and 74 may be adjusted ormaneuvered as needed until the upper and lower suction conduits 86 and88 are properly aligned or closely aligned with the fluid end 62.

The manifold assembly 70 remains a separate unit from the pump 60 untilthe upper and lower suction conduits 86 and 88 are attached to the fluidend 62. No part of the manifold assembly 70 is ever attached to thefluid end 62 or the power end 64, except for the suction conduits 86 and88. The assembly 70 maintains the proper relative positions of itsvarious components while attaching the components to the fluid end 62.Once the manifold assembly 70 is attached to the fluid end 62, the frame71 may be secured to the ground surface or truck bed 28.

Turning to FIGS. 7-9 , the fluid end 62 comprises a plurality of fluidend sections 90 positioned in a side-by-side relationship. Each fluidend section 90 comprises a housing 92 having a longitudinal axisextending therethrough. The housing 92 has opposed front and rearsurfaces 96 and 98 joined by an outer intermediate surface 100 and ahorizontal bore 102 formed therein. The horizontal bore 102interconnects the front and rear surfaces 96 and 98 of the housing 92,as shown in FIG. 9 . The housing 92 shown in FIG. 9 comprises multiplesections joined together by fasteners 104. In alternative embodiments,the housing 92 may be of single-piece construction.

Continuing with FIG. 9 , fluid enters the housing 92 through upper andlower suction bores 106 and 108. Fluid exits the housing 92 throughupper and lower discharge bores 110 and 112. Fluid is routed throughoutthe housing 92 by a fluid routing plug 114 and suction and dischargevalves 116 and 118. Movement of the valves 116 and 118 is guided by asuction valve guide 120 and a discharge plug 122. The front surface 96of the housing 92 is sealed by a front retainer 124.

A reciprocating plunger 126 is installed within the horizontal bore 102and projects from the rear surface 98 of the housing 92. As the plunger126 retracts from the housing 92, fluid is pulled from the suction bores106 and 108 into the horizontal bore 102. As the plunger 126 extendsinto the housing 92, the plunger 126 forces fluid towards the dischargebores 110 and 112. The construction of the housing 92 and itsabove-mentioned inner components are described in more detail in the‘691 Application, previously incorporated herein by reference.

Turning back to FIG. 8 , each upper suction conduit 86 corresponds withan upper suction bore 106 formed in each fluid end section 90 in aone-to-one relationship. Likewise, each lower suction conduit 88corresponds with a lower suction bore 108 formed in each fluid endsection 90 in a one-to-one relationship. Each suction conduit 86 and 88and corresponding suction bore 106 and 108 are interconnected using asuction bore adapter 128.

Turning to FIGS. 10 and 11 , the suction bore adapter 128 comprises anupper end 130 joined to a lower end 132. The ends 130 and 132 are eachmade of metal or steel and are welded together or may be joined togetherby other means known in the art. Alternatively, the ends 130 and 132 maybe formed as a single, integral piece. The lower end 132 is configuredto attach to the housing 92. As shown in FIG. 11 , the lower end 132comprises opposed upper and lower surfaces 134 and 136 joined by anouter intermediate surface 138. External threads 140 are formed in aportion of the intermediate surface 138 for mating with internal threads142 formed in the walls of the housing 92 surrounding the suction bore106 or 108.

Continuing with FIG. 11 , fluid is prevented from leaking between thesuction bore 106 or 108 and the adapter 128 by a seal 144 engaging theintermediate surface 138 of the lower end 132. The seal 144 ispositioned between the external threads 140 and the lower surface 136and is installed within a groove 146 formed in the walls of the housing92. The intermediate surface 138 between the upper surface 134 and theexternal threads 140 has a greater outer diameter than the portioncarrying the external threads 140 and is positioned outside of thehousing 92.

Continuing with FIGS. 10 and 11 , the upper end 130 of the suction boreadapter 128 is tubular and is shaped to curve away from a discharge boreadapter 220 attached to each fluid end section 90. Forming the upper end130 with a curve creates space between the suction bore adapter 128 andthe discharge bore adapter 220 once the suction bore adapter 128 isattached to the housing 92. The created space makes forming theconnection between the suction bore adapters 128 and the suction conduit86 and 88 easier. An annular groove 150 is formed on an outer surface ofthe upper end 130 and spaced from an end surface 152 of the upper end130. The end surface 152 is configured to mate with one of the suctionconduits 86 or 88.

Turning to FIGS. 12 and 13 , the upper and lower suction manifolds 82and 84 are identical and each comprise an elongate tubular body or flowtube 154. Each end 156 of the body 154 is configured to mate with theintake piping system 32, shown in FIG. 2 . The manifolds 82 and 84 eachfurther comprise a plurality of manifold adapters 158 in fluidcommunication with the interior of the body 154.

The manifold adapters 158 project from an external surface of the body154 and are positioned at spaced intervals along the length of the body154. The position of each manifold adapter 158 aligns with acorresponding one of the bore adapters 128 attached to each fluid endsection 90, as shown in FIG. 8 . The manifold adapters 158 may be weldedto the body 154, integrally formed with the body 154, or attached to thebody 154 by other means known in the art. An annular groove 160 isformed in an outer surface of each adapter 158 and is spaced from an endsurface 162 of each adapter 158. The end surface 162 is configured tomate with one of the suction conduits 86 or 88, as shown in FIG. 13 .

Turning back to FIG. 6 , each suction conduit 86 and 88 comprisesopposed connection ends 164 joined by a tubular body 166. The tubularbody 166 may be made of a flexible material, while the connection ends164 may each be made of metal. For example, the tubular bodies 166 maybe referred to as “hoses” and may be made of nitrile and reinforced withfiber braids covered by a synthetic rubber. Because fluid from theintake piping system 32 has a lower fluid pressure than fluid within thedischarge pipe system 33, the tubular body 166 only needs to be durableenough to carry low-pressure fluid. Thus, the tubular bodies 166 may bereferred to as “low pressure hoses”.

While not shown, the tubular body 166 may be attached to each of theconnection ends 164 using a barbed connector integral to the connectionend, or other means known in the art. Each suction conduit 86 and 88 isconfigured to interconnect a manifold adapter 158 and a suction boreadapter 128, as shown in FIG. 8 . Because the tubular body 166 of eachsuction conduit 86 and 88 is made of a flexible material, it may bendand stretch as needed to properly interconnect the adapters 158 and 128.

Continuing with FIGS. 10, 11, and 13 , an annular groove 168 is formedin the outer surface of each connection end 164. The groove 168 isspaced from an end surface 170 of the connection end 164 and isconfigured to receive a portion of a clamp 172, as shown in FIGS. 11 and13 . Likewise, the annular grooves 146 and 160 formed in thecorresponding adapters 128 and 158 are each configured to receive aportion of a clamp 172, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 13 . The suctionconduits 86 and 88 are configured to be clamped to each adapter 128 and158 so that the conduits 86 and 88 may be easily connected ordisconnected from the manifolds 82 and 84 and/or fluid end 62, asneeded. No threads are formed in the suction conduits 86 and 88 or theadapters 128 and 158 for mating with one another. In contrast, somesuction conduits known in the art are threaded onto componentsinterconnecting the fluid end and conduits, which requires time, can behard to properly align, and are difficult to seal.

Continuing with FIGS. 10, 11, and 13 , the clamp 172 shown in thefigures is known in the art as a “Victaulic clamp”. Each clamp 172comprises an annular seal 174, a first side clamp 176, and a second sideclamp 178, as shown in FIG. 10 . The seal 174 comprises an internalannular lip 180 positioned intermediate opposed side surfaces of theseal 174, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 13 . During assembly, the seal 174 isslid over the outer surface of an adapter 128 or 158 until the lip 180engages an end surface 152 or 162 of the adapter 128 or 158. Theconnection end 164 of the suction conduit 86 or 88 is then inserted intothe seal 174 until its end surface 170 engages the lip 180 such that thelip 180 is sandwiched between the end surfaces 152 or 162 and 170installed within the seal 174. Such assembly may also be performed byfirst installing the seal 174 on the suction conduit 86 or 88. When theseal 174 is disposed around the connection end 164 and a correspondingadapter 128 or 158, the grooves 168 and 150 or 160 remain exposed.

Continuing with FIGS. 11 and 13 , each first and second side clamp 176and 178 comprises an inner groove 184 sized to receive a portion of theseal 174. The inner groove 184 is further defined by opposed upper andlower ledges 186. Each ledge 186 is sized to fit within a correspondingone of the grooves 168 and 150 or 160. The ledges 186 are spaced adistance apart that matches the desired distance between thecorresponding grooves 168 and 150 or 160 when assembled.

During assembly, the first and second side clamps 176 and 178 arebrought together around the seal 174 and the ledges 186 are installedwithin the grooves 168 and 148 or 150. The side clamps 176 and 178 arethen secured together using a plurality of fasteners 188, as shown inFIG. 10 . The fasteners 188, shown in FIG. 10 , each comprise a threadedbolt 190 and nut 192. In alternative embodiments, other types offastening systems known in the art may be used to secure the side clamps176 and 178 together, such as studs and nuts or screws.

When the clamp 172 is secured to the conduit 86 or 88 and correspondingadapter 128 or 158, the seal 174 is held tightly against the outersurfaces of the connection end 164 and the adapter 128 or 158, while thelip 180 is compressed between the end surfaces 170 and 152 or 162. Theseal 174 prevents any fluid from leaking between the conduit 86 or 88and the adapter 128 or 158 during operation. The lip 180 also allows forsome movement between the end surfaces 170 and 152 or 162 withoutcompromising the seal 174, thereby allowing tolerance for anymisalignment between the parts during operation.

Turning now to FIGS. 14 and 15 , each side post 72 and 74 comprisesopposed front and rear surfaces 194 and 196. The frame 71 furthercomprises upper and lower blocks 198 and 200 attached to the rearsurface 196 of each post 72 and 74. The lower blocks 200 are attached tothe lower end 78 of the frame 71 and are supported on the ground surface20 or truck bed 28, and the upper blocks 198 are attached to the upperend 76 of the frame 71.

Each block 198 and 200 has a central opening 202 sized to conform to theouter surface of each manifold 82 and 84. As shown in FIGS. 6, 14, and15 , each block 198 and 200 comprises a removable top half 204 thatmates with a stationary bottom half 206 to form the central opening 202.The bottom half 206 of each block 198 and 200 may also be referred to asa “cradle”. The manifold 82 or 84 may be set in the bottom half 206 andsecured within the block 198 or 200 by attaching the top half 204 to thebottom half 206 using a pair of fasteners 208. The fasteners 208 shownin FIGS. 6, 14, and 15 are screws. In alternative embodiments, othertypes of fasteners known in the art may be used, such as a threaded studand nut or bolts and screws. The size of the central opening 202 is suchthat when the fasteners 208 are torqued to specification, each suctionmanifold 82 and 84 is able to rotate about and slide along itslongitudinal axis within the blocks 198 and 200. However, the fasteners208 are still torqued enough so that the removeable top halves 204 andstationary bottom halves 206 will not vibrate loose during operation.

Turning back to FIGS. 4-7 , the upper suction manifold 82 is installedwithin the upper blocks 198 such that the upper suction conduits 86extend downwards at about a 45-degree angle relative to the side posts72 and 74. Likewise, the lower suction manifold 84 is installed withinlower blocks 200 such that the lower suction conduits 88 extend upwardsat about a 45-degree angle relative to the side posts 72 and 74. Suchconfiguration allows the manifolds 82 and 84 to be spaced a good workingdistance from the discharge bore adapters 220 and discharge conduits148, thereby providing more room for assembly or disassembly.

Continuing with FIG. 4 , when the manifold assembly 70 is positionedaround the fluid end 62, at least a portion of each fluid end section 90extends past the front and rear surfaces 194 and 196 of each post 72 and74. Likewise, at least a portion of each stay rod 66 extends past thefront and rear surfaces 194 and 196 of the posts 72 and 74. The posts 72and 74 are positioned intermediate a front surface 210 of the fluid end62 and a front surface 212 of the power end 64. A portion of the frame71 may overlap with a portion of a base 214 of the power end 64.

The manifold assembly 70 is configured so that each component can beeasily shifted or maneuvered as needed to properly align the variouscomponents. The suction conduits 86 and 88 can move relative to themanifolds 82 and 84 and the frame 71. Likewise, the frame 71 andmanifolds 82 and 84 can be moved relative to the fluid end 62 and thepower end 64. The various components are not rigidly connected to oneanother.

In operation, the suction conduits 86 and 88, being less rigid thantraditional metal pipe conduits, allow for the relative movement betweenthe manifolds 82 and 84 and the pump 60. Likewise, limited movement ofthe suction manifolds 82 and 84 is permitted within the blocks 198 and200 during operation. Allowing movement of the components transmits aminimal amount of force and vibration to the fluid end sections 90,thereby increasing the life and maintenance intervals of all of thecomponents of the pump 60. Additionally, the modular nature of themanifold assembly 70 reduces maintenance costs, because each componentis individually replaceable.

To remove the manifold assembly 70 from the fluid end 62, the fasteners188 are removed from each clamp 172 securing a suction conduit 86 or 88and a suction bore adapter 128 together. The clamps 172 are thenremoved, releasing the manifold assembly 70 from the fluid end 62. Themanifold assembly 70 may then be pulled away from the fluid end 62 andthe power end 64 and transported to a desired location. Alternatively,the manifolds 82 or 84 may be released from the blocks 198 or 200 andremoved without moving the frame 71. The suction conduits 86 or 88 maybe removed from the manifolds 82 or 84 prior to moving the manifolds 82or 84 or the frame 71. Alternatively, the suction conduits 86 or 88 maynot be removed from the manifolds 82 or 84 prior to moving the manifolds82 or 84 or the frame 71.

Continuing with FIG. 7 , a plurality of upper and lower dischargeconduits 148 are shown attached to the fluid end 62. The dischargeconduits 148 are similar to those known in the art. Each conduit 148 isattached to an adjacent conduit 148 to form a discharge pathwayeventually leading to a discharge manifold 216 positioned adjacent thefluid end 62. The discharge manifold 216 is situated in a parallelrelationship with the side posts 72 and 74 and is in fluid communicationwith both the upper and lower discharge conduits 148. The dischargemanifold 216 comprises a connection end 218 configured to mate with thedischarge piping system 33, shown in FIG. 2 .

Turning now to FIGS. 16 and 17 , each discharge conduit 148 is attachedto the fluid end section 90 using a discharge bore adapter 220. Thedischarge bore adapter 220 comprises opposed first and second surfaces222 and 224 interconnected by an internal passage 226 and an outerintermediate surface 228. The outer intermediate surface 228 comprises amiddle portion 230 positioned intermediate upper and lower portions 232and 234.

The lower portion 234 is installed within the housing 92, as shown inFIG. 17 . Fluid is prevented from leaking between the lower portion 234and the housing 92 by a seal 236 engaging the lower portion 234. Theseal 236 is installed within a groove 238 formed in the walls of thehousing 92. The upper portion 232 of the adapter 220 is cylindrical andcarries external threads 240 adjacent the first surface 222. The upperportion 232 is configured to mate with one of the discharge conduits 148using a hammer union 244 known in the art.

The middle portion 230 of the discharge bore adapter 220 has a greaterouter diameter than the lower portion 234 and is configured to abut theouter surface of the housing 92. The middle portion 230 has the shape ofa rectangle and is sized to receive four fasteners 246. The fasteners246 are installed within the housing 92 and the middle portion 230 andare configured to secure the adapter 220 to the housing 92. Thefasteners 246 shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 are each a threaded stud and nut.In alternative embodiments, other types of fasteners such as screws orbolts may be used to secure the adapter 220 to the housing 92.

In alternative embodiments, the manifold assembly 70 shown in FIGS. 4-17may be configured for use with only an upper suction manifold 82. Insuch case, the posts 72 and 74 may remain separated at their lower ends78 or may be joined by any type of elongate member. Likewise, themanifold assembly 70 may be configured for use with only a lower suctionmanifold 84. In such case, the posts 72 and 74 may remain separated attheir upper ends 76 or may be joined by any type of elongate member. Inthe event the posts 72 and 74 remain separated at either of one of theirends 76 or 78, the posts 72 and 74 and corresponding manifold 82 or 84may still be considered to define the central opening 85.

In further alternative embodiments, the manifold assembly 70 may beconfigured for use with a single block fluid end, like that shown inU.S. Pat. No. 10,941,765, issued to Nowell et al., the entire contentsare which are incorporated herein by reference (“the ‘765 Patent”). Tothe extent the nomenclature within the ‘765 Patent is different from thenomenclature used in the present application when referring to the sameor substantially similar components, the present application controls.

If the manifold assembly 70 is used with the single block fluid endshown in the ‘765 Patent, bore adapters may be attached to the lowersurface of the fluid end block. Such adapters may or may not have acurved shape. The manifold assembly may then only comprise a lowersuction manifold and lower suction conduits configured to attach to suchbore adapters. The suction conduits may extend between the adapters andthe manifold at a non-zero angle relative to the posts or may extendstraight down parallel to the posts, depending on the position of thesuction manifold relative to the adapters.

Turning now to FIGS. 18-34 , the manifold assembly 300 is shown in moredetail. The manifold assembly 300 is attached to another embodiment of ahigh-pressure pump 302. The pump 302 comprises another embodiment of afluid end 304 attached to the power end 64 using the plurality of stayrods 66.

The fluid end 304 is generally similar to the fluid end 62 but comprisesslight modifications in order to accommodate different embodiments ofsuction and discharge bore adapters 306 and 308, as shown in FIG. 24 .The inner components of the fluid end 304 are generally similar to thefluid end 62, but a housing 310 making up each fluid end section 311 ofthe fluid end 304 is configured to receive another embodiment of a fluidrouting plug 312. The fluid routing plug 312 and housing 310 aredescribed in more detail in U.S. Pat. Application No. 17/884,712,authored by Thomas et al., the entire contents of which are incorporatedherein by reference (“the ‘712 Application”). To the extent thenomenclature within the ‘712 Application is different from thenomenclature used in the present application when referring to the sameor substantially similar components, the present application controls.

Continuing with FIGS. 19 and 20 , the manifold assembly 300 comprises aframe 314 comprising a first side post 316 and an identical second sidepost 318. The frame 314 may also be referred to as a “mounting tree”.Like the manifold assembly 70, the posts 316 and 318 are joined togetherby an upper suction manifold 320 and a lower suction manifold 322.Together, the posts 316 and 318 and suction manifolds 320 and 322 definea central opening 324. In contrast to the manifold assembly 70, theposts 316 and 318 are further joined by upper and lower dischargemanifolds 326 and 328. Together, the posts 316 and 318 and dischargemanifolds 326 and 328 further define the central opening 324.

Continuing with FIGS. 19 and 20 , a plurality of upper and lower suctionconduits 361 and 363 are attached to the corresponding upper and lowersuction manifolds 320 and 322. Likewise, a plurality of upper and lowerdischarge conduits 365 and 367 are attached to the corresponding upperand lower discharge manifolds 326 and 328. With the exception for theconnection differences detailed herein, the suction conduits 361 and 363function in the same manner as the suction conduits 86 and 88. Thesuction conduits 361 and 363 are flexible and may bend and stretch asneeded during assembly and operation. In contrast the manifold assembly70, the manifold assembly 300 also comprises flexible discharge conduits365 and 367. Like the suction conduits 361 and 363, the dischargeconduits 365 and 367 may bend and stretch as needed during assembly andoperation.

Continuing with FIGS. 18 and 19 , like the manifold assembly 70, whenthe manifold assembly 300 is assembled, it maybe moved together as asingle unit. The single unit assembly 300 may be slid around the fluidend 304 such that at least a portion of the fluid end 304 is positionedwithin the central opening 324. When in such position, the side posts316 and 318 may be adjusted as needed until the suction and dischargeconduits 361, 363 and 365, 367 are properly aligned with the fluid end304.

The manifold assembly 300 remains a separate unit from the pump 302until the suction and discharge conduits 361, 363 and 365, 367 areattached to the fluid end 304. No part of the manifold assembly 300 isever attached to the fluid end 304 or the power end 64, except for thesuctions and discharge conduits 361, 363 and 365, 367. The assembly 300maintains the position of the components while the conduits 361, 363 and365, 367 are being attached to the fluid end 304. In some instances, theassembly 300 may stand freely on its own and there is no need tomanually support the assembly 300 while the conduits 361, 363 and 365,367 are being attached to the fluid end 304. Once the manifold assembly300 is attached to the fluid end 304, the frame 314 may be secured tothe truck bed 28 or ground surface 20.

Turning to FIGS. 20-22 , the frame 314 further comprises a plurality ofupper and lower triangular shaped blocks 330, 332 and 334, 336. Eachpost 316 and 318 carries two upper blocks 330 and 332 at its upper end338 and two lower blocks 334 and 336 at its lower end 340. The pairs ofblocks 330, 332 and 334, 336 are attached to a front and rear surface342 and 344 of each post 316 and 318 such that the posts 316 and 318 aresandwiched between each pair of upper and lower blocks 330, 332 and 334,336. The lower blocks 334 and 336 are supported on the ground surface 20or truck bed 28, while the upper blocks 330 and 332 are supported ongussets 346 attached to each post 316 and 318.

Continuing with FIGS. 20-22 , the upper and lower blocks 332 and 336attached to the rear surface 344 of the posts 316 and 318 are configuredto support the upper and lower suction manifolds 320 and 322. A centralopening 348 is formed in each block 332 and 336 that is sized to conformto the shape of the suction manifolds 320 and 322. Thus, the centralopening 348 may have a circular shape.

Each upper and lower block 332 and 336 comprises a removable top half350 that provides access to a portion of the central opening 348. Thesuction manifolds 320 and 322 may be set or cradled within a stationarybottom half 352 of each block 332 and 336 and covered by the top half350. The top half 350 is then secured to the stationary bottom half 352using a plurality of fasteners 354. The fasteners 354 shown in FIGS.20-22 are screws. In alternative embodiments, the fasteners 354 maycomprise other fasteners known in the art such as threaded studs andnuts or bolts and nuts. Like the manifold assembly 70, the size of thecentral opening 348 is such that when the fasteners 354 are torqued tospecification, the removeable top halves 350 will not vibrate looseduring operation but will still allow each suction manifold 320 and 322to rotate about and slide along its longitudinal axis within the blocks332 and 336.

Similarly, the upper and lower blocks 330 and 334 attached to the frontsurface 342 of the posts 316 and 318 are configured to support the upperand lower discharge manifolds 326 and 328. A central opening 356 isformed in each block 330 and 334 that is sized to conform to the shapeof the discharge manifolds 326 and 328. As will be discussed in moredetail herein, each discharge manifold 326 and 328 has a rectangularcross-sectional shape. Thus, the central opening 356 may have arectangular shape.

Each upper and lower block 330 and 334 comprises a removable top half358 that may be secured to a stationary bottom half 360 using aplurality of fasteners 362. Like the suction manifolds 320 and 322, thedischarge manifolds 326 and 328 may be cradled within a portion of thecentral opening 356 formed in the bottom half 360 and secured in placeby attaching the top half 358 to the bottom half 360 using a pluralityof fasteners 362. The fasteners 362 shown in FIGS. 20-22 are screws. Inalternative embodiments, the fasteners 362 may comprise other fastenersknown in the art such as threaded studs and nuts or bolts and nuts. Aswith the suction manifolds 320 and 322, the central opening 356 is sizedsuch that when the fasteners 362 are torqued to specification, theremoveable top halves 358 will not vibrate loose during operation butstill allow relative movement of the discharge manifolds 326 and 328.Unlike the suction manifolds 320 and 322, the discharge manifolds 326and 328 are only able to slide along their longitudinal axes and cannotrotate within the blocks 330 and 334.

Turning to FIGS. 23 and 24 , each fluid end section 311 comprises ahousing 310 having upper and lower suction bores 364 and 366 and upperand lower discharge bores 461 and 463. A suction bore adapter 306 isinstalled within each suction bore 364 and 366. Likewise, a plurality ofdischarge bore adapters 308 are attached to the housing 310. Eachadapter 308 is aligned with a corresponding one of the discharge bores461 and 463. As will be described in more detail herein, each suctionbore adapter 306 is configured to interlock with a corresponding suctionconduit 361 or 363, and each discharge bore adapter 308 is configured tobe clamped to a corresponding discharge conduit 365 or 367.

Turning now to FIGS. 26-28 , in contrast to the bore adapters 128, thebore adapters 306 are configured for use with a camlock fitting 368,shown in FIG. 28 , rather than the clamp 172, shown in FIG. 11 . Eachsuction bore adapter 306 is made of metal and comprises a lower end 370joined to an upper end 372. The lower end 370 is tubular and has acurved shape. The lower end 370 curves away from the discharge adapter308 so as to provide space for assembly. As shown in FIG. 27 , externalthreads 374 are formed on a portion of the lower end 370 for mating withinternal threads 376 formed in the housing 310. The threads 374 and 376are taper threads known in the in art and function as a seal to preventfluid from leaking between the housing 310 and the adapter 306.

Internal threads 378 are also formed in the lower end 370 adjacent itsend surface 380 for mating with external threads 382 formed on the upperend 372 of the adapter 306. When mated, the end surface 380 of the lowerend 370 abuts a shoulder 384 formed in the outer surface of the upperend 372.

Continuing with FIG. 28 , the upper end 372 of the adapter 306 functionsas the coupler, or female end, of the camlock fitting 368, while aconnection end 390 of each suction conduit 361 and 363 functions as theadapter, or male end, of the camlock fitting 368. The upper end 372comprises upper portion 386 joined to a lower portion 388. The lowerportion 388 carries the external threads 382 and mates with the lowerend 370 of the adapter 306. The upper portion 386 comprises the shoulder384 and is sized to receive the connection end 390 of the suctionconduit 361 or 363. A pair of rotatable cam arms 392 are attached to theupper portion 386. Each cam arm 392 comprises a cam 394 that extendsbetween outer and inner surfaces of the upper portion 386. Each cam 394is configured to engage a groove 396 and a flange 398 formed in an outersurface of the connection end 390 of the suction conduit 361 or 363. Theupper portion 386 further comprises an internal shoulder 400 supportingan annular seal 402.

During assembly, the cam arms 392 are lifted into an unlocked position,providing space for the connection end 390 to be installed within theupper portion 386 of the upper end 372. The connection end 390 furthercomprise an end surface 404. The connection end 390 is inserted into theupper portion 386 until its end surface 404 engages the seal 402. Thecam arms 392 are then rotated such that each cam arm 392 engages thegroove 396 and flange 398 formed in the connection end 390. The cam arms392 are rotated until they are moved to a locked position, shown in FIG.28 .

When in the locked position, the cam arms 392 tightly secure theconnection end 390 to the upper portion 386 of the upper end 372 of theadapter 306. When secured together, the end surface 404 of theconnection end 390 compresses the seal 402 against the internal shoulder400, thereby preventing any fluid from leaking between the matedcomponents. To disassemble the connections, the cam arms 392 are rotatedto an unlocked position, and the connection end 390 of the suctionconduit 361 or 363 is pulled out of the adapter 306.

Turning now to FIGS. 29 and 30 , the upper and lower suction manifolds320 and 322 are identical and each comprise a tubular body or flow tube406 having opposed connection ends 408. The connection ends 408 areconfigured to mate with the intake piping system 32 shown in FIG. 2 .Each manifold 320 and 322 further comprises a plurality of manifoldadapters 410. In contrast to the manifold adapters 158, the manifoldadapters 410 are not configured to receive a portion of a clamp 172.Instead, the manifold adapters 410 are configured so that each suctionconduit 361 or 363 slides over a corresponding one of the adapters 410,as shown in FIG. 30 .

Turning back to FIG. 20 , in contrast to the suction conduits 86 and 88,the suction conduits 361 and 363 only comprise the single metalconnection end 390 inserted within a tubular body 412. The tubular body412 comprises an open end 416 opposite the connection end 390. Like thetubular body 166, the tubular body 412 is made of a flexible materialand may be referred to as a “hose” or a “low-pressure hose”. Like themanifold assembly 70, the suction manifolds 320 and 322 are installedwithin the frame 314 such that the suctions conduits 361 and 363 arepositioned at about a 45-degree angle relative to the side posts 316 and318.

Continuing with FIGS. 20 and 30 , the connection end 390 comprises abarbed fitting 414, known in the art and shown in FIG. 20 . The barbedfitting 414 is used to attach the connection end 390 to the tubular body412. In alternative embodiments, the connection end 390 may be attachedto the tubular body 412 using other means known in the art. As shown inFIG. 30 , the open end 416 of the tubular body 412 is attached directlyto a manifold adapter 410. The open end 416 is slid over the manifoldadapter 410 and secured with a worm clamp known in the art, but notshown herein.

Like the manifold assembly 70, the suction conduits 361 and 363 areflexible and may bend and stretch as needed to properly attach eachsuction conduit 361 and 363 to each suction bore adapter 306. Suchconnections may be made quickly by simply rotating the cam arms 392 to alocked position on each cam lock fitting 368. Similarly, the connectionsmay be quickly disassembled by rotating the cam arms 392 to an unlockedposition. Like the suction conduits 86 and 88 and adapters 128 and 158,no threads are formed in the suction conduits 361 and 363 or theadapters 306 and 410 for mating with one another.

In alternative embodiments, the manifold adapters 410 and thecorresponding end of the suction conduits 361 and 363 maybe configuredso as to function as a second cam lock fitting, if desired. In furtheralternative embodiments, the suction conduits 361 and 363 and manifoldadapters 410 maybe configured to be clamped together, like the suctionconduits 86 and 88 and manifold adapters 158, shown in FIG. 13 .

Turning now to FIGS. 31-33 , the upper and lower discharge manifolds 326and 328 are identical and each comprise an elongate body 418 havingopposed first and second connection ends 420 and 422. The ends 420 and422 are interconnected by an internal flow passage 424, shown in FIG. 33. The first connection end 420 is configured to mate with the dischargepiping system 33, shown in FIG. 2 . The second connection end 422 isconfigured to mate with a component that seals the body 418 closed ormay mate with the discharge piping system 33, shown in FIG. 2 .

The elongate body 418 has a rectangular shape and opposed front and rearsurfaces 426 and 428. A plurality of ports 430 are formed in the frontsurface 426 and are positioned at spaced-apart intervals. Each port 430is surrounded by a plurality of threaded mounting holes 432, as shown inFIG. 31 . The mounting holes 432 shown in FIGS. 31 and 32 extend throughthe body 418 and open on the rear surface 428, as shown in FIG. 32 . Themounting holes 432 are configured to mate with fasteners 434 used tosecure a discharge conduit 365 or 367 to the discharge manifolds 326 or328 at each port 430, as shown in FIG. 33 .

Turning back to FIG. 20 , each discharge conduit 365 and 367 comprises atubular body 436 having opposed first and second connection ends 438 and440. The tubular body 436 is made of a flexible material and may bereferred to as a “hose”. For example, the tubular body 436 may be madeof synthetic rubber reinforced by multiple layers of braided hightensile steel. Because the discharge conduits 365 and 367 carry higherpressure fluid than the suction conduits 361 and 363, the tubular body436 may be made of a more durable flexible material than that of thesuction conduits 361 and 363. Thus, the tubular body 436 may be referredto as a “high-pressure hose.” The tubular body 436 may also be formedwith a curved shape so that the discharge conduits 365 and 367 extend asneeded between each fluid end section 311 and the discharge manifolds326 and 328, as shown in FIG. 18 .

With reference to FIGS. 33 and 34 , the first and second connection ends438 and 440 of each of the discharge conduits 365 and 367 are made ofmetal. While not shown in the FIGS. 33 and 34 , the first and secondconnection ends 438 and 440 are separate pieces that may be bonded tothe ends of the tubular body 436 using a specialized bonding procedure.The first connection end 438 comprises a flange 442 sized to mate with aportion of an opposing angle clamp 444. The second connection end 440has a rectangular shape and comprises a plurality of mounting holes 445,shown in FIG. 20 , configured to align with the threaded mounting holes432 formed in the discharge manifold 326 or 328.

Continuing with FIG. 33 , the second connection end 440 is attached tothe discharge manifold 326 or 328 by installing the fastener 434 withineach pair of aligned mounting holes formed in the connection end 440 andthe threaded mounting holes 432. The fasteners 434 shown in FIG. 33 arescrews. In alternative embodiments, other fasteners known in the artsuch as threaded studs and nuts or bolts and nuts may be used. When thesecond connection end 440 is attached to the manifold 326 or 328, theport 430 aligns with the interior of the tubular body 436 of thedischarge conduit 365 or 367.

The second connection end 440 further comprises an inner adapter 448. Acounterbore 450 is formed within the second connection end 440 thataligns with a like counterbore 452 formed in the walls of the manifold326 or 328 surrounding the port 430. The inner adapter 448 has a ringshape and is installed within both counterbores 450 and 452 such thatthe inner adapter 448 spans between the second connection end 440 andthe interior of the manifold 326 or 328. A groove 454 is formed withinthe walls of the second connection end 440 for receiving a seal 456configured to engage an outer surface of the inner adapter 448.Likewise, a groove 458 is formed within the walls of the manifold 326 or328 for receiving a seal 460 configured to engage an outer surface ofthe inner adapter 448. The seals 456 and 460 prevent fluid from leakingbetween the discharge manifolds 326 and 328 and the discharge conduits365 and 367 during operation.

Continuing with FIG. 34 , each discharge bore adapter 308 comprises aninner adapter 462 and a separate outer adapter 464. The outer adapter464 comprises first and second connection ends 466 and 468 joined by acentral fluid passage 470. The first connection end 466 has arectangular shape and a plurality of mounting holes (not shown)configured to align with a plurality of threaded mounting holes (notshown) formed in the outer surface of the housing 310 and surrounding anopening of the discharge bore 461 or 463. The discharge bore adapter 308is configured to be secured to the housing 310 by installing a fastener476 within each aligned pair of mounting holes. The fastener 476 shownin FIG. 34 is a screw. In alternative embodiments, the fastener 476 maybe a different type of fastener known in the art, such as a threadedstud and nut or bolt and nut.

Like the second connection end 440 of the discharge conduit 365 or 367,a counterbore 478 is formed within the first connection end 466 thataligns with a like counterbore 480 formed in the discharge bore 461 or463. The inner adapter 462 has a ring shape and is installed within bothcounterbores 478 and 480 such that the inner adapter 462 spans betweenthe discharge bore 461 or 463 and the discharge bore adapter 308. Agroove 482 is formed within the walls of the housing 310 surrounding thedischarge bore 461 or 463 for receiving a seal 484 configured to engagean outer surface of the inner adapter 462. Likewise, a groove 486 isformed within the walls of the discharge bore adapter 308 surroundingthe central fluid passage 470 for receiving a seal 488 configured toengage an outer surface of the inner adapter 462. The seals 484 and 488prevent fluid from leaking between the housing 310 and the adapter 308during operation.

The opposed second connection end 468 of the discharge bore adapter 308comprises a flange 490 that is sized and shaped identical to the flange442 on the first connection end 438 of the discharge conduit 365 or 367.The flanges 490 and 442 may be brought together such that they abut andthe central fluid passage 470 aligns with the interior of the tubularbody 436.

Continuing with FIGS. 25 and 34 , the flanges 490 and 442 are securedtogether by the opposing angle clamp 444. The interior of the clamp 444is sized to closely surround the mated flanges 490 and 442. The clamp444 comprises a first side clamp 492 and second side clamp 494. The sideclamps 492 and 494 are brought together around the flanges 490 and 442and secured using a plurality of fasteners 496. The fasteners 496 shownin FIG. 25 are screws. In alternative embodiments, the fasteners 496 maybe a different type of fastener known in the art, such as a threadedstud and nut or bolt and nut. The fastened clamp 444 tightly secures theconnection ends 468 and 438 of the discharge bore adapter 308 and thedischarge conduit 365 or 367 together, as shown in FIG. 34 .

Continuing with FIG. 34 , fluid is prevented from leaking between theconnection ends 468 and 438 by a seal carrier 498 that spans between themated connection ends 468 and 438. Two spaced-apart annular grooves 497and 499 are formed in an outer surface of the seal carrier 498 forhousing corresponding first and second annular seals 501 and 503. Whenthe seal carrier 498 is installed within the connection ends 468 and438, a portion of the seal carrier 448 and the first seal 501 areinstalled within a counterbore 500 formed in the first connection end438 of the discharge conduit 365 or 367. Likewise, a portion of the sealcarrier 498 and the second seal 503 are installed within a counterbore502 formed in the second connection end 468 of the discharge boreadapter 308. The seals 501 and 503 engage the walls of the correspondingcounterbores 500 and 502, thereby preventing fluid from leaking betweenthe connection ends 468 and 438.

No threads are formed in the discharge conduit 365 or 367 or thedischarge adapter 308 for mating with one another. If the dischargeconduits 365 or 367 need to be removed from the fluid end 304, theclamps 444 are simply removed and the discharge conduits 365 or 367pulled away from the discharge bore adapters 308.

Like the manifold assembly 70, in operation, the suction and dischargeconduits 361, 363 and 365, 367, being less rigid than traditional metalpipe conduits, allow for the relative movement between the manifolds320, 322 and 326, 328 and the pump 302. Likewise, limited movement ofthe manifolds 320, 322 and 326, 328 is permitted within thecorresponding blocks 330, 332, 334, and 336. Allowing movement of thecomponents transmits a minimal amount of force and vibration to thefluid end sections 311, thereby increasing the life and maintenanceintervals of the components of the pump 302. Additionally, the modularnature of the manifold assembly 300 reduces maintenance costs, becauseeach component is individually replaceable.

When the manifold assembly 300 is positioned around the fluid end 304,at least a portion of each fluid end section 311 extends past the frontand rear surfaces 342 and 344 of each post 316 and 318, as shown in FIG.18 . Likewise, at least a portion of each stay rod 66 extends past thefront and rear surfaces 342 and 344 of the posts 316 and 318. The posts316 and 318 are positioned intermediate a front surface 504 of the fluidend 304 and the front surface 212 of the power end 64. A portion of theframe 314 may overlap with a portion of the base 214 of the power end64.

Similar to the manifold assembly 300, alternative embodiments of themanifold assembly 300 may comprise only one suction manifold 320 or 322or only one discharge manifold 326 or 328. The location of the manifoldsmay vary depending on the specific design of the fluid end. The manifoldassembly 300 and corresponding adapters 306, 308, or 410 may also beconfigured for use with a single block fluid end, like that shown in the‘765 Patent.

Even if not specifically shown in a figure, one or more features of themanifold assembly 70 may be used with the manifold assembly 300 and viceversa. The various components described herein may also vary in shape orsize, as needed, to accommodate the size and shape of the fluid end usedwith the manifold assemblies 70 and 300.

One or more kits may also be useful for assembly of the manifoldsassemblies 70 and 300. A kit may comprise the frame 71 or 314, the uppersuction manifolds 82 or 320, the lower suction manifolds 84 or 322, theupper discharge manifold 326, the lower discharge manifold 328, theupper suction conduits 86 or 361, the lower suction conduits 88 or 363,the upper discharge conduits 365, and/or the lower discharge conduits367. A kit may further comprise any one of the various componentsdescribed herein.

The various features and alternative details of construction of theapparatuses described herein for the practice of the present technologywill readily occur to the skilled artisan in view of the foregoingdiscussion. It is to be understood that even though numerouscharacteristics and advantages of various embodiments of the presenttechnology have been set forth in the foregoing description, togetherwith details of the structure and function of various embodiments of thetechnology, this detailed description is illustrative only. Changes maybe made in detail, especially in matters of structure and arrangementsof parts within the principles of the present technology to the fullextent indicated by the broad general meaning of the terms in which theappended claims are expressed.

1. A manifold assembly, comprising: a frame comprising first and secondside posts positioned in a spaced relationship, the frame having opposedupper and lower ends; an upper manifold supported on the upper end ofthe frame; a lower manifold supported on the lower end of the frame; inwhich the first and second side posts are joined by the upper and lowermanifolds such that the first and second side posts and the upper andlower manifolds together define a central opening; a plurality of upperconduits supported by the upper manifold; and a plurality of lowerconduits supported by the lower manifold; in which the plurality ofupper and lower conduits are configured be to attached to a fluid endwhen at least a portion of the fluid end is positioned within thecentral opening.
 2. An apparatus comprising: the manifold assembly ofclaim 1; and a fluid end, at least a portion of the fluid end positionedwithin the central opening; in which the plurality of upper and lowerconduits are attached to the fluid end.
 3. The manifold assembly ofclaim 1, in which the upper and lower manifolds are releasably attachedto the frame.
 4. The apparatus of claim 2, in which the fluid end is notattached to the frame, except for the connection between the fluid endand the plurality upper and lower conduits.
 5. The apparatus of claim 2,in which each of the plurality of upper and lower conduits are attachedto the fluid end using a bore adapter.
 6. The apparatus of claim 5, inwhich the upper and lower conduits are each characterized as suctionconduits and in which the bore adapter is characterized as a suctionbore adapter.
 7. The apparatus of claim 2, in which the upper and lowerconduits are characterized as upper and lower suction conduits, theapparatus further comprising: a plurality of discharge conduits attachedto the fluid end; in which the plurality of discharge conduits are notattached to the frame, except for the connection between the fluid endand the upper and lower suction conduits.
 8. The manifold assembly ofclaim 1, in which the fluid end is configured to be suspended within thecentral opening by a power end.
 9. The manifold assembly of claim 1, inwhich the plurality of upper and lower conduits are each flexible hoses.10. The manifold assembly of claim 1, in which each of the plurality ofupper and lower conduits is configured to be attached to the fluid endusing a clamp.
 11. The apparatus of claim 2, in which the fluid endcomprises a plurality of fluid end sections positioned in a side-by-siderelationship; and in which each of the plurality of fluid end sectionsis attached to a corresponding one of the plurality of upper conduitsand a corresponding one of the plurality of lower conduits.
 12. A pump,comprising: the apparatus of claim 2; a power end attached to the fluidend by a plurality of stay rods; in which at least a portion of each ofthe plurality of stay rods is positioned within the central opening. 13.The pump of claim 12, in which the frame is not attached to the powerend, except for the connection between the fluid end and the upper andlower conduits.
 14. The manifold assembly of claim 1, in which the upperand lower manifolds are characterized as upper and lower suctionmanifolds, and further comprising: an upper discharge manifold supportedon the upper end of the frame; and a lower discharge manifold supportedon the lower end of the frame; in which the first and second side postsare further joined by the upper and lower discharge manifolds such thatthe upper and lower discharge manifolds further define the centralopening.
 15. The manifold assembly of claim 14, in which the pluralityof upper and lower conduits are characterized as upper and lower suctionconduits, the manifold assembly further comprising: a plurality of upperdischarge conduits supported by the upper discharge manifold; and aplurality of lower discharge conduits supported by the lower dischargemanifold; in which the plurality of upper and lower discharge conduitsare configured to be attached to the fluid end.
 16. The manifoldassembly of claim 14, in which the upper and lower discharge manifoldsare releasably attached to the frame.
 17. The manifold assembly of claim1, in which the frame further comprises opposed upper and lowersurfaces, and in which the lower surface is supported on a groundsurface.
 18. The manifold assembly of claim 1, in which the upper andlower manifolds are both suction manifolds.
 19. The manifold assembly ofclaim 1, in which the manifold assembly is movable as a single unitrelative to the fluid end.
 20. The manifold assembly of claim 14, inwhich the plurality of upper and lower discharge conduits are eachflexible hoses.